Hyptis mociniana: phytochemical fingerprint and photochemoprotective effect against UV-B radiation-induced erythema and skin carcinogenesis.

Skin cancer is a public health problem due to its high incidence. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the main etiological agent of this disease. Photochemoprotection involves the use of substances to avoid damage caused by UV exposure. The aim of this work was to determine the phytochemical fingerprint and photochemoprotective effect against UVB radiation-induced skin damage such as erythema and carcinogenesis of H. mociniana methanolic extract (MEHm). The chemical composition of the MEHm was analysed by LC/ESI-MS/MS. Three quercetin derivatives, two pectinolides, and two caffeic acid derivatives were identified in the methanolic extract. MEHm has antioxidant effect and it is not cytotoxic in HaCaT cells. Phytochemicals from H. mociniana have a photochemopreventive effect because they absorb UV light and protect HaCaT cells from UVR-induced cell death. Also, in SKH-1 mice -acute exposure-, it decreased erythema formation, modulating the inflammatory response, reduced the skin damage according to histological analysis and diminished p53 expression. Finally, MEHm protects from photocarcinogenesis by reducing the incidence and multiplicity of skin carcinomas in SKH-1 mice exposed chronically to UVB radiation.

Inmunomodulación mediante CONVEHY(R) para COVID-19: de la tormenta al anticiclón de citoquinas / Immunomodulation using CONVEHY(R) for COVID-19: from the storm to the cytokine anticyclone

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Estudio piloto sobre el uso de la Hiperfiltración Venosa Continua para el manejo de pacientes en estado crítico con inflamación desregulada / A pilot study into the use of Continuous Venous Hyperfiltration to manage patients in a critical state with dysregulated inflammation

Introducción: Los paradigmas de la hemofiltración para manejar pacientes críticos con una respuesta inflamatoria desregulada (RID) evalúan la función renal para su inicio, adaptación y finalización. Presentamos la Hiperfiltración Venosa Continua (Protocolo CONVEHY), en el cual una membrana de adsorción inespecífica (AN69-ST-heparina anclada) se utiliza con citrato como líquido anticoagulante y de sustitución. El protocolo CONVEHY utiliza herramientas fácilmente disponibles para lograr objetivos renales y no renales, guiándose por las respuestas fisiopatológicas. Objetivos: Comparar la respuesta a la membrana AN69-ST-HA cuando se utilizó heparina (He, n = 5: protocolo estándar) o citrato (Ci, n = 6: protocolo CONVEHY) para evaluar si fuera factible un estudio mayor sobre los beneficios de este protocolo. Materiales y métodos: En un estudio retrospectivo, se evaluaron los beneficios del protocolo CONVEHY en pacientes con RID en una unidad de cuidados críticos quirúrgicos (UCCq), evaluando las puntuaciones SOFA (He 11 +/- 2,35; Ci 11 +/- 3,63; p = 0,54) y APACHE II (He 28,60 +/- 9,40; Ci 24 +/- 8,46; p = 0,93). Resultados: Hospitalización (He 35,2 +/- 16,3 noches; Ci 9 +/- 2,53; p = 0,004), hospitalización tras el alta de UCCq (He 40,25 +/- 21,82; Ci 13,2 +/- 4,09; p = 0,063), pacientes hospitalizados > 20 días (He 80%; Ci 0%; p = 0,048), días con ventilación mecánica (He 16 +/- 5,66; Ci 4 +/- 1,72; p = 0,004) y la mortalidad predicha (55,39 +/- 26,13%) frente a la real en ambos grupos (9,1%; p = 0,004). Conclusiones: El protocolo CONVEHY mejora las respuestas clínicas de los pacientes con una RID, destacando el valor potencial de realizar estudios más grandes y confirmatorios

Introduction: Haemofiltration paradigms used to manage critically ill patients with a dysregulated inflammatory response (DIR) assess kidney function to monitor its onset, adaptation, and completion. A Continuous Venous Hyperfiltration (CONVEHY) protocol is presented, in which a non-specific adsorption membrane (AN69-ST-Heparin Grafted) is used with citrate as an anticoagulant and substitution fluid. CONVEHY uses tools readily available to achieve kidney related and non-related objectives, and it is guided by the monitoring of pathophysiological responses. Objectives: To compare the response to an AN69-ST-HG membrane when heparin (He, n=5: Standard protocol) or citrate (Ci, n=6: CONVEHY protocol) was used to evaluate whether a larger study into the benefits of this protocol would be feasible. Materials and methods: In a retrospective pilot study, the benefits of the CONVEHY protocol to manage patients with a DIR in a surgical critical care unit (CCUs) were assessed by evaluating the SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) (He 11 +/- 2.35; Ci 11 +/- 3.63: p=0.54) and APACHE II (He 28.60 +/- 9.40; Ci 24 +/- 8.46: p=0.93) scores. Results: Nights in hospital (He 35.2 +/- 16.3 nights; Ci 9 +/- 2.53: p=0.004), hospital admission after discharge from the CCUs (He 40.25 +/- 21.82; Ci 13.2 +/- 4.09: p=0.063), patients hospitalised >20 days (He 80%; Ci 0%: p=0.048), days requiring mechanical ventilation (He 16 +/- 5.66; Ci 4 +/- 1.72: p=0.004), and the predicted (55.39 +/- 26.13%) versus real mortality in both groups (9.1%: p=0.004). Conclusions: The CONVEHY protocol improves the clinical responses of patients with DIR, highlighting the potential value of performing larger and confirmatory studies

A pilot study into the use of Continuous Venous Hyperfiltration to manage patients in a critical state with dysregulated inflammation. / Estudio piloto sobre el uso de la Hiperfiltración Venosa Continua para el manejo de pacientes en estado crítico con inflamación desregulada.

INTRODUCTION: Haemofiltration paradigms used to manage critically ill patients with a dysregulated inflammatory response (DIR) assess kidney function to monitor its onset, adaptation, and completion. A Continuous Venous Hyperfiltration (CONVEHY) protocol is presented, in which a non-specific adsorption membrane (AN69-ST-Heparin Grafted) is used with citrate as an anticoagulant and substitution fluid. CONVEHY uses tools readily available to achieve kidney related and non-related objectives, and it is guided by the monitoring of pathophysiological responses. OBJECTIVES: To compare the response to an AN69-ST-HG membrane when heparin (He, n=5: Standard protocol) or citrate (Ci, n=6: CONVEHY protocol) was used to evaluate whether a larger study into the benefits of this protocol would be feasible. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective pilot study, the benefits of the CONVEHY protocol to manage patients with a DIR in a surgical critical care unit (CCUs) were assessed by evaluating the SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) (He 11 ± 2.35; Ci 11 ± 3.63: p=0.54) and APACHE II (He 28.60 ± 9.40; Ci 24 ± 8.46: p=0.93) scores. RESULTS: Nights in hospital (He 35.2 ± 16.3 nights; Ci 9 ± 2.53: p=0.004), hospital admission after discharge from the CCUs (He 40.25 ± 21.82; Ci 13.2 ± 4.09: p=0.063), patients hospitalised >20 days (He 80%; Ci 0%: p=0.048), days requiring mechanical ventilation (He 16 ± 5.66; Ci 4 ± 1.72: p=0.004), and the predicted (55.39 ± 26.13%) versus real mortality in both groups (9.1%: p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: The CONVEHY protocol improves the clinical responses of patients with DIR, highlighting the potential value of performing larger and confirmatory studies.

Traqueomalacia en paciente con amiloidosis traqueobronquial / Tracheomalacia in a patient with tracheobronchial amyloidosis

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Crisis drepanocítica y tratamiento del dolor / Sickle cell crisis and treatment of pain

La drepanocitosis incluye un grupo de desórdenes genéticamente heredados en los que a baja saturación de oxígeno ocurre la agregación de polímeros rígidos de hemoglobina S desoxigenada, otorgando forma de hoz al hematíe y dañando el endotelio vascular por medio de múltiples mecanismos, obstruyendo concomitantemente la microcirculación y produciendo una estimulación de nociceptores. Los pacientes con drepanocitosis pueden presentar múltiples tipos de dolor dependiendo de las estructuras lesionadas, siendo el de tipo músculo-esquelético el más frecuente. La base del manejo del dolor es el reconocimiento y la evaluación de la severidad, ya que de esta dependerá la prescripción del tratamiento analgésico. Las crisis vasooclusivas son la manifestación más característica de esta enfermedad. Una vez instaurado el dolor, el manejo inicial debe enfocarse en proveer control rápido del mismo, garantizándose dosis terapéuticas de los fármacos, y en la detección de complicaciones. Debe evitarse el uso no indicado de las terapias y el tratamiento infraterapéutico, acompañado de un seguimiento cuidadoso, prevención y tratamiento de los efectos adversos. El tratamiento del dolor crónico se hace de forma multidisciplinaria, considerando estrategias no farmacológicas (AU)

Drepanocytosis includes a group of genetically inherited disorders in which low oxygen saturation rigid polymers aggregation deoxygenated hemoglobin S occurs, giving the red cell sickling and damaging the vascular endothelium through multiple mechanisms, and concomitantly blocking microcirculation producing a stimulation of nociceptors. Patients with sickle cell disease may have multiple types of pain depending on the injured structures, being the most common musculoskeletal type. The basis of pain management is the recognition and assessment of severity, since this will depend prescription analgesic treatment. The vaso-occlusive crises are the most characteristic manifestation of this disease. Once established pain, initial management should focus on providing rapid control of it, ensuring therapeutic doses of drugs, and the detection of complications. The not indicated therapies, accompanied by careful monitoring, prevention and treatment of adverse effects subtherapeutic use and treatment should be avoided. We report a 14 year old, of African origin, diagnosed with drepanocytosis and alpha thalassemia heterozygous with acute severe pain in lower limbs. The treatment of chronic pain is a multidisciplinary manner, considering nonpharmacologic strategies (AU)

High-throughput screening platform for natural product-based drug discovery against 3 neglected tropical diseases: human African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and Chagas disease.

African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and Chagas disease are 3 neglected tropical diseases for which current therapeutic interventions are inadequate or toxic. There is an urgent need to find new lead compounds against these diseases. Most drug discovery strategies rely on high-throughput screening (HTS) of synthetic chemical libraries using phenotypic and target-based approaches. Combinatorial chemistry libraries contain hundreds of thousands of compounds; however, they lack the structural diversity required to find entirely novel chemotypes. Natural products, in contrast, are a highly underexplored pool of unique chemical diversity that can serve as excellent templates for the synthesis of novel, biologically active molecules. We report here a validated HTS platform for the screening of microbial extracts against the 3 diseases. We have used this platform in a pilot project to screen a subset (5976) of microbial extracts from the MEDINA Natural Products library. Tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that 48 extracts contain potentially new compounds that are currently undergoing de-replication for future isolation and characterization. Known active components included actinomycin D, bafilomycin B1, chromomycin A3, echinomycin, hygrolidin, and nonactins, among others. The report here is, to our knowledge, the first HTS of microbial natural product extracts against the above-mentioned kinetoplastid parasites.

A new ABC half-transporter in Leishmania major is involved in resistance to antimony.

The characterization of ABCI4, a new intracellular ATP-binding cassette (ABC) half-transporter in Leishmania major, is described. We show that ABCI4 is involved in heavy metal export, thereby conferring resistance to Pentostam, to Sb(III), and to As(III) and Cd(II). Parasites overexpressing ABCI4 showed a lower mitochondrial toxic effect of antimony by decreasing reactive oxygen species production and maintained higher values of both the mitochondrial electrochemical potential and total ATP levels with respect to controls. The ABCI4 half-transporter forms homodimers as determined by a coimmunoprecipitation assay. A combination of subcellular localization studies under a confocal microscope and a surface biotinylation assay using parasites expressing green fluorescent protein- and FLAG-tagged ABCI4 suggests that the transporter presents a dual localization in both mitochondria and the plasma membrane. Parasites overexpressing ABCI4 present an increased replication in mouse peritoneal macrophages. We have determined that porphyrins are substrates for ABCI4. Consequently, the overexpression of ABCI4 confers resistance to some toxic porphyrins, such as zinc-protoporphyrin, due to the lower accumulation resulting from a significant efflux, as determined using the fluorescent zinc-mesoporphyrin, a validated heme analog. In addition, ABCI4 has a significant ability to efflux thiol after Sb(III) incubation, thus meaning that ABCI4 could be considered to be a potential thiol-X-pump that is able to recognize metal-conjugated thiols. In summary, we have shown that this new ABC transporter is involved in drug sensitivity to antimony and other compounds by efflux as conjugated thiol complexes.

Tratamiento de epicondilitis refractaria con neurotoxina botulínica tipo A libre de complejo proteínico / No disponible

Introducción: La epicondilitis o “codo de tenista” es un cuadro que se caracteriza por dolor en la inserción proximal del músculo extensor radial corto del carpo. El tratamiento de este cuadro clásicamente se ha basado en fisioterapia e infiltración con corticoides, así como el uso de ortesis. La cirugía se recomienda cuando las estrategias conservadoras no controlan los síntomas después de 6-12 meses de tratamiento. La toxina botulínica es una opción terapéutica cuando fracasan medidas conservadoras. Material y métodos: Presentamos 3 pacientes diagnosticados previamente de epicondilitis de más de 6 meses de evolución y que habían sido sometidos de forma ambulatoria a los tratamiento habituales sin éxito, a los cuales se les administró toxina botulínica A libre de complejo proteico (50 UI) en un solo punto de aplicación. Se evaluó la intensidad del dolor en ambos pacientes usando una escala analógica visual (EVA), en la que el 0 representa ningún dolor y 10 significa el dolor más intenso que han experimentado tanto a la palpación como con la maniobra de extensión resistida de la muñeca. Resultados: Se obtuvo una reducción importante del dolor en los 3 pacientes tratados al primer mes de su administración, con resolución total del mismo a los 3 meses. Este beneficio se mantuvo al menos durante los 6 meses de estudio. Conclusiones: La epicondilitis refractaria a tratamientos conservadores puede ser tratada eficazmente con toxina botulínica A libre de complejo proteínico (AU)

Introduction: Epicondylitis or “tennis elbow” is a condition characterized by pain in the proximal insertion of the extensor Carpi radialis brevis muscle. Treatment of this condition has classically been based on physiotherapy and infiltration with corticosteroids, as well as the use of orthoses. Surgery is recommended when the conservative strategies do not control symptoms after 6-12 months of treatment. Botulin toxin is a therapeutic option when conservative measures are failing Material and methods: We present 3 patients diagnosed of epicondylitis for more than 6 months, and which had been subjected to the usual treatment without success, which will manage with free protein complex botulinum toxin (50 IU) at a single point of application on an outpatient basis. The intensity of the pain in the 3 patients were evaluated using an analog scale visual (EVA) in which 0 represents no pain and 10 means more intense pain experienced with resisted wrist extension maneuver both palpation. Results: We obtained a significant reduction of pain in 3 patients treated to the first month of his administration with total resolution at 3 months. This benefit was maintained at least during 6 months. Conclusions: refractory to conservative treatment can be effectively treated with free protein complex botulinum toxin (AU)

Prevalencia de dolor neuropático en pacientes con cáncer sin relación con el tratamiento oncológico previo / Prevalence of neuropathic pain in patients with cancer not associated with prior oncologic treatment

Objetivos: Conocer la prevalencia de dolor neuropático y mixto de la población enferma de cáncer tratada en la consulta de oncología procedente de la zona de cobertura (Cádiz-San Fernando) del Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar (HUPM), que refiere dolor, y que no ha recibido tratamiento oncológico previo potencialmente causante. Conocer las variables demográficas, clínicas y de comorbilidad psíquica asociadas a la presencia de dolor neuropático y mixto de estos pacientes. Material y métodos: Diseño: estudio observacional, transversal. Ámbito del estudio: zona de cobertura del HUPM (Cádiz-San Fernando) que cubre a una población de 242.723 personas. Sujetos de estudio: pacientes diagnosticados de cáncer, con dolor y que no han recibido tratamiento oncológico previo potencialmente causante, atendidos en la Consulta Externa de Oncología del HUPM. Recogida de la información: escala LANSS de diagnóstico de dolor neuropático, versión validada española; escala HADS de depresión y ansiedad; cuestionario breve del dolor (edición corta BPI-SF); cuestionario para recogida de variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Análisis: cálculo de la prevalencia de dolor neuropático y mixto (± intervalo de confianza del 95%) en la población que atiende la consulta externa de oncología del HUPM (AU)

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of neuropathic and mixed pain in the population treated in the Oncology Service of the catchment area (Cadiz-San Fernando) of the Puerta del Mar University Hospital. Patients with cancer reporting pain and who had not received prior oncological treatment that could have caused the pain were included. We also aimed to determine the demographic, clinical and psychiatric comorbidities associated with the presence of neuropathic and mixed pain in these patients. Material and methods: Design: Observational, cross-sectional study. Setting: Catchment area of the Puerta del Mar University Hospital (Cadiz-S. Fernando), which attends a population of 242,723 people. Study subjects: Patients diagnosed with cancer who reported pain and who had not received prior oncological treatment that could potentially have caused the pain attended in the Outpatient Oncology Department of the Puerta del Mar University Hospital. Data collection: The following scales were used: the validated Spanish version of the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) scale for the diagnosis of neuropathic pain, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Brief Pain Inventory Short Form (BPI-SF). A questionnaire was employed to collect sociodemographic and clinical variables. Analysis: The prevalence of neuropathic and mixed pain (± 95% CI) was calculated in the population attending the Outpatient Oncology Department of the Puerta del Mar University Hospital (AU)

Oxicodona en dolor crónico no oncológico: implicaciones en parámetros de calidad de vida / Oxycodone in non-oncological chronic pain: effects on quality of life parameters

Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de oxicodona de liberación controlada y liberación rápida en el dolor de etiología mixta en pacientes con dolor severo no oncológico, así como su interferencia sobre el dolor y parámetros de calidad de vida mediante el cuestionario breve de dolor (CBD). Material y Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, en el que hemos incluido 34 pacientes con diagnostico de dolor mixto (nociceptivo y neuropático) de al menos 1 mes de evolución y intensidad basal del dolor severo. Se utilizó el cuestionario breve para la evaluación del dolor (CBD), la interferencia con parámetros funcionales de calidad de vida: actividad general, estado de ánimo, capacidad de caminar, trabajo normal, relación con otras personas, sueño, capacidad diversión. Se inicio pauta de tratamiento con oxicodona de liberación controlada 10 mg/12 h y analgesia de rescate con oxicodona de liberación rápida 20 mg/día con incremento progresivo cada 15 días hasta obtener control adecuado del dolor. Se utilizó como medicación asociada paracetamol 650 mg/6 h y se evaluaron los pacientes a los 30 y 60 días. Resultados: La edad media de nuestros pacientes fue de 69 ± 7 años, La dosis medias de oxicodona para proporcionar un adecuado control del dolor fueron de 37 ± 6 mg al día. Oxicodona redujo significativamente la intensidad de dolor máxima a los 30 y 60 días de tratamiento, y proporcionó un alivio del dolor del 48 y 67% respectivamente. Los parámetros de sueño y relaciones con los demás mejoraron significativamente al final del estudio. El efecto adverso mas frecuente fue el estreñimiento (14,7%). Conclusiones: Oxicodona de liberación controlada a dosis medias diarias de 37 mg al día proporciona una reducción significativa en la intensidad del dolor máxima al primer y segundo mes de tratamiento con una mejora en parámetros de calidad de vida: sueño y relación con los demás en el tratamiento del dolor de origen mixto (AU)

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of controlled reléase oxicodone in mixed pain mixed in patients with non oncológical severe pain, as well as its interference on the pain and quality of life. Material and Methods: Prospective study. 34 patients with mixed pain (nociceptive and neuropáthic). 1 month minimum pain duration. The brief questionnaire for the evaluation of the pain was used (CBD), the interference with functional parameters of quality of life: general activity, mood, walking, work, relationship with other people and sleep. Starting oxicodone controlled reléaselo mg/12 h and rescue analgesia with oxicodone fast reléase 20 mg/day with progressive increase every 15 days until obtaining adapted control of the pain. Acetaminophen 650 mg/6 h was used as associate medication. The patients were evaluated at 30 and 60 days. Results: The average age of our patients was of 69 ± 7 years, the average dose of oxicodone to provide a suitable control of the pain were 37 ± 6 mg to the day. Oxicodone significantly reduce the intensity of severe pain after 30 and 60 days of treatment, and respectively provided a lightening of the pain 48% and 67%. The parameters of sleeping and relationship with the others improved significantly at the end of the study. The most frequent adverse event was constipation (14,7%). Conclusions: Controlled reléase oxicodone 37 mg/day provides a significant reduction in the intensity of severe pain lasting until second month of treatment with an improvement in the of quality of life (AU)

Tratamiento anestésico de un paciente con síndorme del nevus azul de consistencia de tetina de goma (NATG) / Anesthesia for a patient with blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome

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Remifentalino intravenoso mediante infusor elastomerico frente a meperidina intramuscular. Estudio comparativo en analgesia obstetrica / Intravenous remifentanil delivered through an elastomeric device versus intramuscular meperidine comparative study for obstetric analgesia

Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de remifentanilo administrado mediante infusor elastomérico con PCA iv en analgesiaobstétrica comparado con meperidina intramuscular en parturientascon contraindicación para analgesia epidural. Material y MétodoSe seleccionaron aletoriamente 24 parturientas, se asocióinfusor elastomérico Baxter® con 250 ml de suero fisiológicocon 2,5 mg de remifentanilo y un ritmo de 12 ml·h-1, lo quesupone una infusión media de 0,025 μg·kg-1·min-1 de remifentanilo,permitiendo la administración de bolos de 5 ml conun tiempo de cierre de 30 minutos (Grupo R) o 1 mg·kg-1 demeperidina y 2,5 mg de haloperidol (Grupo M) vía intramuscularcada 4 h. Valoramos la intensidad del dolor cada 30 minmediante una escala analógica visual (EVA), tiempo de infusión,bolos administrados, el nivel de sedación mediante escaladel estado de alerta y sedación evaluada por elobservador (OAA/S), efectos adversos y el test de Apgar delrecién nacido al minuto y a los 5 min.ResultadosNo hubo diferencias en los datos antropométricos de ambosgrupos. La duración media de la infusión en el grupo Rfue de 280 ± 55 min y las necesidades de bolos de rescate de1,2 ± 1,5. La dosis media de meperidina intramuscular en elgrupo M fue de 120 ± 25 mg. La intensidad del dolor duranteel parto fue significativamente menor en el grupo R durantetodo el periodo de dilatación y expulsivo (p<0,05) que el grupoM. El nivel de sedación fue adecuado en ambos grupos(OAA/S 1-2). Los parámetros hemodinámicos, frecuencia cardiacay presión arterial permanecieron estables sin diferenciassignificativas entre ambos grupos. No hubo ningún caso dedepresión respiratoria. El grado de satisfacción fue significativamentesuperior en el grupo R.ConclusiónRemifentanilo administrado mediante sistema elastoméricoPCA iv proporciona una eficacia analgésica superior a lameperidina intramuscular y constituye una modalidad alternativaa la analgesia epidural sin provocar depresión respiratoriao sedación excesiva y con un nivel de satisfacciónmaterna elevado (AU)

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and security of remifentanil administered by means of elastomeric infusor with PCA IV compared obstetrical analgesia with intramuscular meperidine in obstetric patients with contraindication for epidural analgesia, Material and Method: 24 patients were randomized, an elastomeric infusor Baxter® with a capacity of 250 ml was filled with 2.5 mg of remifentanil and a 12 mililiter·h-1, was satarted, (average infusion of 0.025·kg-1·min-1 of remifentanil, and boluses of 5 ml with a time of closing of 30 minutes (Group R) or 1 mg/kg-1 of meperidine and 2.5 mg of haloperidol (Group M) every 4 h by IM route. We valued the intensity of pain each 30 min by means of a visual analogical scale (EVA), time of infusion, boluses administered, level of sedatión by means of scale of the alert status and sedatión evaluated by observer (OAA/S), adverse effects and the Apgar test of new born to 1 and 5 min. Results: There were no differences in the anthropometric data of both groups. The average duration of the infusion in group R was of 280 ± 55 min and the necessities of boluses of 1.2 rescue of ± 1,5. The average dose of intramuscular meperidine in group M was of 120 ± 25 mg. The intensity of the pain during the childbirth was significantly smaller in group R (p<0,05) that group M. The sedatión level was similar in both groups (OAA/S 1-2). The hemodinámics parameters, cardiac rate and arterial pressure remained stable without significant differences between both groups. There was no case of respiratory depression. The satisfaction degree was significantly superior in group R. Conclusion: Remifentanil administered by means of elastomeric system PCA IV provides an analgesic effectiveness superior to the intramuscular meperidine and constitutes an alternative modality to the epidural analgesia without causing respiratory depression or excessive sedation, with an elevated level of maternal satisfaction (AU)

Rotura espontánea de catéter venoso central / Spontaneous rupture of central venous catheter

La implantación de un catéter de cámara subcutáneo es la alternativa a una vía venosa central, pudiéndose utilizar para obtener muestras de sangre, así como administrar toda clase de tratamientos intravenosos. Su uso se ha extendido en los últimos años, no obstante, esta técnica no se encuentra exenta de riesgos y entre las posibles complicaciones se encuentra la rotura del catéter. Presentamos el caso de un varón diagnosticado de adenocarcinoma de esófago distal y al que se indicó tratamiento con quimioterapia, para lo cual se procedió a la colocación de un catéter de cámara subcutáneo (Bard Port® Titanium Dome, catéter Groshong®) ). Una semana después y al comenzar la infusión del primer ciclo de QT el paciente refirió dolor localizado en la zona próxima al implante, destacando en la exploración los signos de inflamación. En la radiografía de control se observaba la sección del catéter a nivel del espacio costoclavicular, objetivándose una clara solución de continuidad y la localización del extremo distal del catéter en la vena cava superior. Estos hallazgos se confirmaban con la radiografía con contraste. El reservorio y el extremo proximal se retiraron en quirófano. El extremo distal del catéter se extrajo en la sala de Hemodinámica mediante cateterismo femoral derecho utilizando un catéter lazo (goseneck). La subclavia derecha es la vena central que se canaliza con más frecuencia colocándose el dispositivo sobre la parrilla costal, y esta localización del catéter próxima a estructuras óseas puede ser la causante del desgaste del material. El diagnóstico de rotura del catéter central se basa en los signos radiológicos, pudiendo observarse la compresión del catéter, por ello llamado el signo de “pinch off”, consecuencia de la fricción del catéter entre la clavícula y la primera costilla. Esta complicación requiere un diagnóstico temprano y tratamiento urgente, y la actitud a seguir debe la retirada del catéter. El fragmento distal también debe extraerse y la técnica endovascular percutánea es de elección siempre que sea posible (AU)

Subcutaneous vascular access ports can be an alternative to conventional central venous lines, both for collection of blood samples and for the administration of intravenous therapies. In recent years, its use has become wider regardless of the possibility of risks and complications such as the rupture of the catheter. We report the case of a male patient diagnosed of oesophagous adenocarcinoma to whom a subcutaneous chamber catheter (Bard Port® Titanium Dome, catheter Groshong®) for the administration of chemotherapy was implanted. One week afterwards, at the time of the first cycle of chemotherapy, the patient referred pain and signs of swelling at the implantation area. A routine x-ray control showed a rupture of the catheter at the costo-clavicular level with the distal end lodged in the superior vena cava. The findings were confirmed wit contrast x-ray. The reservoir and the proximal end of the catheter were removed in the operation room. The distal end of the catheter was removed through right femoral catheterism with a gooseneck catheter. The right subclavian vein is the central line most frequently chosen; the location of the device adjacent to the ribs and close to bone structures can facilitate the tear of its components. Diagnosis of central catheters rupture is based upon radiologic features such as the pinch off sign, caused by the friction of the catheter between the first rib and the clavicula. This complication merits an early diagnosis and the quick removal of the catheter. The distal end must also be withdrawn through a percutaneous endovascular technique when possible (AU)

[Effectiveness and complications of bariatric surgery in the treatment of morbid obesity]. / Eficacia y complicaciones de la cirugia bariátrica en el tratamiento de la obesidad mórbida.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Bariatric surgery represents an affective therapeutic alternative for patients with morbid obesity refractory to medical treatment. However, these surgical techniques increase the risk of producing a protein-energy hyponutrition or a selective deficit of some micronutrient. The aim of this work has been to analyze the anthropometrical, nutritional, digestive and cardiovascular risk factors changes and quality of life in patients with morbid obesity submitted to bariatric surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study evaluating a group of patients with morbid obesity submitted to bariatric surgery (45 by means of biliopancreatic bypass according to Scopirano's procedure, and 25 by laparoscopic gastric bypass). Anthropometrics (height, weight, body mass index), cardiovascular risk factors (arterial blood pressure, lipid and glycemic profiles, serum uric acid) and nutritional parameters (serum albumin, complete blood count, and phosphorus and calcium) were assessed before the bariatric procedure and one and two years after surgical treatment. Quality of life was evaluated through the B.A.R.O.S. system. RESULTS: Seventy patients with morbid obesity have been analyzed (56 women and 14 men) with a mean age of 36.5 +/- 11 years. Mean pre-surgical weight was 129.7 +/- 25.6 kg and BMI 48.8 +/- 8.8 kg/m2. Two years after the surgical procedure BMI was 31.0 +/- 6.6 kg/m2, the ponderal reduction 47.7 kg and the percentage of weight loss 36.5%. Hundred percent of dislipidemic patients, 90% of diabetic patients, and 72% of hypertensive patients normalized their corresponding profiles after surgery. The most common nutritional complications were anemia and iron deficiency, which occurred in 54.4% and 36.6% of the cases, respectively. Other observed nutritional deficits were: mild hypoalbuminemia in 20.3% of the patients, hypothrombinemia in 14.9%, folic acid decrease in 17.8%, vitamin B12 deficiency in 12.5%, hypocalcaemia in 23.8%, and secondary hyperparathyroidism in 45.4% of the cases. All nutritional complications were more frequent in patients submitted to biliopancreatic bypass, with the exception for vitamin B12 deficiency that occurred more frequently in patients with gastric bypass. The most frequently observed digestive complication was diarrhea/steatorrhea in 39.1% of the cases. Sixty-four point two percent of the patients considered the surgery outcome as excellent or very good. CONCLUSION: In patients with morbid obesity, bariatric surgery is a technique by which a great improvement in anthropometrical parameters, cardiovascular risk factors, and quality of life of patients is achieved, but it associates an important percentage of nutritional complications that we should take into account in order to prevent them.